SEOUL, South Korea (AP) — A passenger plane burst into flames Sunday after it skidded off a runway at a South Korean airport and slammed into a concrete fence when its front landing gear apparently failed to deploy, killing at least 151 people, officials said, in one of the country’s worst aviation disasters.

The National Fire Agency said rescuers raced to pull people from the Jeju Air passenger plane carrying 181 people at the airport in the town of Muan, about 290 kilometers (180 miles) south of Seoul. The Transport Ministry said the plane was a 15-year-old Boeing 737-800 jet that was returning from Bangkok and that the crash happened at 9:03 a.m. local time.

At least 151 people — 71 women, 71 men and nine others whose genders weren’t immediately identifiable — died in the fire, the fire agency said. The death toll is expected to rise further as the rest of the people aboard the plane remain missing about six hours after the incident.

Emergency workers pulled out two people, both crew members, to safety, and local health officials said they remain conscious. The fire agency deployed 32 fire trucks and several helicopters to contain the fire. About 1,560 firefighters, police officers, soldiers and other officials were also sent to the site, it said.

Footage of the crash aired by South Korean television channels showed the Jeju Air plane skidding across the airstrip at high speed, apparently with its landing gear still closed, overrunning the runway and colliding head-on with a concrete wall on the outskirts of the facility, triggering an explosion. Other local TV stations aired footage showing thick plumes of black smoke billowing from the plane, which was engulfed in flames.

Lee Jeong-hyeon, chief of the Muan fire station, told a televised briefing that the plane was completely destroyed, with only the tail assembly remaining recognizable among the wreckage. Lee said that workers were looking into various possibilities about what caused the crash, including whether the aircraft was struck by birds, Lee said.

Transport Ministry officials later said their early assessment of communication records show the airport control tower issued a bird strike warning to the plane shortly before it intended to land and gave its pilot permission to land in a different area. The pilot sent out a distress signal shortly before the plane went past the runway and skidded across a buffer zone before hitting the wall, the officials said.

Senior Transport Ministry official Joo Jong-wan said workers have retrieved the flight data and cockpit voice recorders of the plane’s black box, which will be examined by government experts investigating the cause of the crash and fire. Joo said the runway at the Muan airport will be closed until Jan. 1.

Emergency officials in Muan said the plane’s landing gear appeared to have malfunctioned.

The Transport Ministry said the plane’s passengers include two Thai nationals.

Thailand’s prime minister, Paetongtarn Shinawatra, expressed deep condolences to the families of those affected by the accident in a post on social platform X. Paetongtarn said she ordered the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to provide assistance immediately.

Kerati Kijmanawat, the director of the Airports of Thailand, confirmed in a statement that Jeju Air flight 7C 2216 departed from Suvarnabhumi Airport with no reports of abnormal conditions with the aircraft or on the runway.

Jeju Air in a statement expressed its “deep apology” over the crash and said it will do its “utmost to manage the aftermath of the accident.”

In a televised news conference, Kim E-bae, Jeju Air’s president, deeply bowed with other senior company officials as he apologized to bereaved families and said he feels “full responsibility” for the incident. Kim said the company hadn’t identified any mechanical problems with the aircraft following regular checkups and that he would wait for the results of government investigations into the cause of the incident.

Family members wailed as officials announced the names of some victims at a lounge in the Muan airport.

Boeing said in a statement on X it was in contact with Jeju Air and is ready to support the company in dealing with the crash.

“We extend our deepest condolences to the families who lost loved ones, and our thoughts remain with the passengers and crew,” Boeing said.

It’s one of the deadliest disasters in South Korea’s aviation history. The last time South Korea suffered a large-scale air disaster was in 1997, when a Korean Airline plane crashed in Guam, killing 228 people on board. In 2013, an Asiana Airlines plane crash-landed in San Francisco, killing three and injuring approximately 200.

Sunday’s accident was also one of the worst landing mishaps since a July 2007 crash that killed all 187 people on board and 12 others on the ground when an Airbus A320 slid off a slick airstrip in Sao Paulo and collided with a nearby building, according to data compiled by the Flight Safety Foundation, a nonprofit group aimed at improving air safety. In 2010, 158 people died when an Air India Express aircraft overshot a runway in Mangalore, India, and plummeted into a gorge before erupting into flames, according to the safety foundation.

The incident came as South Korea is embroiled into a huge political crisis triggered by President Yoon Suk Yeol’s stunning imposition of martial law and ensuing impeachment. Last Friday, South Korean lawmakers impeached acting President Han Duck-soo and suspended his duties, leading Deputy Prime Minister Choi Sang-mok to take over.

Choi ordered officials to employ all available resources to rescue the passengers and crew before he headed to Muan. Yoon’s office said his chief secretary, Chung Jin-suk, will preside over an emergency meeting between senior presidential staff later on Sunday to discuss the crash.

__

Associated Press journalists Bobby Caina Calvan in New York and Chalida Ekvitthayavechnukul and Jintamas Saksornchai in Bangkok contributed to this report.

Russia has announced a new variant of its Pantsir short-range air defense system that can be loaded with as many as 48 small interceptors and that it says is specifically intended to help shield critical infrastructure from uncrewed aerial threats. For some time now, Ukrainian forces have been launching increasingly longer-range drone attacks on military bases and industrial facilities inside Russia.

The Pantsir-SMD-E made its debut at the Army 2024 exhibition, which opened at the Patriot Park in Kubinka outside of Moscow yesterday. The SMD-E variant was shown in a self-contained static configuration, but it is not hard to imagine that it could be integrated onto various tactical trucks or other platforms, including ships, like previous Pantsir types.

The new SMD-E variant of Pantsir has a turret that can be loaded with up to 12 57E6-series short-range command-guided surface-to-air missiles, as many as 48 TKB-1055 very-short-range interceptors, or a mix thereof. The TKB-1055 is a relatively recent development focused heavily on defeating drone threats and has a stated maximum range of just over 4 miles (7 kilometers) compared to the 57E6-E’s nearly 12 and a half miles (20 kilometers), per a placard seen at Army 2024.

The Pantsir-SMD-E air defense missile system for the defense of stationary objects was brought to the Army-2024 forum. This is a new stage in the development of Pantsir, designed primarily to combat drones in the context of an ongoing special military operation.

The key… pic.twitter.com/10U8mKgX8M

— Rybar Force (@rybar_force) August 12, 2024

Like previous versions of Pantsir, the SMD-E’s turret also has two integrated radars, one for spotting and tracking targets and another fire control type for directing the command-guided missiles. Where the new variant notably differs from most of the preceding versions of the system is in its lack of gun armament.

Most ground-based Pantsir variants have turrets armed with two twin-barrel 2A38M 30mm automatic cannons, as well as up to 12 57E6-series missiles. The navalized Pantsir-M developed for installation on ships substitutes the 2A38M cannons for six-barrel 30mm AO-18KDs.

In 2022, a model of a missile-only Pantsir-SM-TBM version, able to be loaded with up to 24 57E6-series missiles at a time, emerged. The SM-TBM variant also lacked a search radar, relying instead on offboard sensors (including on other Pantsirs) for initial cueing. It is unclear how far the development of that variant has progressed.

“Pantsir-SM TBM” SAM system.
“TBM” is a transport and combat vehicle and will operate as part of other “Pantsir” SAM system.
There are no cannon armament and no detection radar, which allowed to increase the ammunition of anti-aircraft missiles from 12 to 24; pic.twitter.com/iGYPVaeRja

— Massimo Frantarelli (@MrFrantarelli) June 29, 2022

“The Pantsir family of systems is constantly being improved and expanded. The new Pantsir-SMD-E is designed to protect stationary objects from air attack weapons, including massive drone attacks,” Bekkhan Ozdoyev, head of the “arms cluster” of Russia’s state-run Rostec defense conglomerate, said according to a machine translation of an official press release on the new Pantsir variant. “To combat these targets, the system can carry 48 short-range missiles. These are effective and inexpensive ammunition that reliably protect against small drones, and allow, figuratively speaking, not to shoot sparrows with a cannon.”

If they work as advertised, using the smaller and lower-cost TKB-1055s would offer advantages over the 57E6 family in the point-defense role, especially in terms of magazine depth. They could be even more effective combined with newer radars already introduced onto previous versions of Pantsir that are said to increase the total number of targets the system can track and engage simultaneously. Deleting the cannons and their feed systems could also reduce the SMD-E’s cost and time to manufacture compared to other versions of the system, at least to a degree. These latter points could be particularly important given the impacts of extensive U.S. and other Western sanctions on Russia’s defense industry.

At the same time, the shift away from guns seems curious given that the Ukrainian military has been routinely demonstrating that traditional anti-aircraft artillery remains an effective and low-cost tool for shooting down subsonic drones and cruise missiles, as well as other lower-flying aerial threats. In more of a direct comparison with Pantsir, Ukraine’s air defense forces have been making especially good use of German-made Gepard self-propelled anti-aircraft guns, which are armed only with a pair of radar-directed 35mm automatic cannons. Ukraine has now begun receiving newer Skynex anti-aircraft guns from Germany, as well.

Ukraine Air Force Command releases footage of German-made Gepard anti-aircraft gun taking down what it says is a Shahed drone in the Odesa region. Gepard has radar and optical target tracking with two guns providing combined firing rate of >1,000 rounds per minute. pic.twitter.com/P9g4Mem8fB

— Chris Partridge (@Chris1603) September 4, 2023

Ukraine: A German supplied ‘Gepard’ anti-aircraft gun shooting down a Russian cruise missile. Despite their detractors, these systems have proven highly effective in Ukrainian service.

pic.twitter.com/z2dIPypI7P

— Jimmy Rushton (@JimmySecUK) December 5, 2022

The Pantsir family has already earned a very mixed reputation since its introduction in the early 2010s, especially due to reportedly poor performance in Syria and Libya. The upgraded radars found on more recent variants are said to have been developed as a direct result of lessons learned from use during operations in Syria.

Regardless, variants of the Pantsir system remain in widespread use in the Russian armed forces, including in Syria, where one fired a missile at a U.S. MQ-9 Reaper drone in 2022.

Pantsirs have also been important components of existing efforts to shield critical military, government, and industrial facilities from Ukrainian drone attacks. Last year, Pantsirs appeared on rooftops in Moscow and near one of President Vladimir Putin’s official residences just outside the capital as Ukraine stepped up its uncrewed aerial assault. These were part of a larger array of additional layered air defenses deployed in and around the Russian capital that also included extra S-400 long-range surface-to-air missile batteries.

In Moscow, a Russian Pantsir-S1 anti-aircraft missile system has been placed on the roof of a building of the Central District Department of Education on Teterinsky Lane, for the reasons so far unknown.

55.745352, 37.651179 pic.twitter.com/qMd1NVDYhW

— Status-6 (Military & Conflict News) (@Archer83Able) January 19, 2023

Furthermore, the explicit focus on using Pantsir-SMD-E for point defense of critical infrastructure against drones underscores how real a danger Ukraine’s uncrewed attackers have come to pose to highly prized facilities deeper and deeper inside Russia. Uncrewed aerial systems present serious threats to Russian forces in frontline fighting in Ukraine, as well.

The routine use of uncrewed aerial systems, including multiple tiers of weaponized types, on both sides of the war in Ukraine has provided clear evidence that drone threats, which are not new, are still evolving in scale and scope. Long-range kamikaze drones look set to be a growing danger on a global level to military forces on the frontlines and critical infrastructure deeper within a country’s home territory.

“So, you know, the problem got complicated here in the last two and a half years, and the proliferation… every country, you know, can afford these kinds of things and we have to go against them,” U.S. Air Force Gen. James Hecker, his service’s top office in Europe and also NATO’s Allied Air Command, said while speaking about drone threats last month. “We can use them [as] well and put adversaries on the wrong side of the cost curve.”

So, in turn, there has been a surge of interest in counter-drone capabilities worldwide and not just to protect forces on land. As already noted, a navalized version of Pantsir already exists and ships are at ever-increasing risk of being attacked by drones, as has been highlighted by the ongoing crisis in and around the Red Sea.

It is not hard to see a maritime role for Pantsir-SMD-E, or a further anti-drone-focused version thereof. There is a certain general precedent for this already with Israel’s adaptation of the land-based Iron Dome counter-rockets, artillery, and mortars system, which also has a point defense capability against drones and cruise missiles, for use on ships. The Russian Navy has also been observed adding Tor surface-to-air missile systems to ships in an improvised manner to help bolster point air defense capabilities.

Interesante imagen de la INS Lahav (Sa’ar 5) cargando dos baterías Iron Dome a popa. Probablemente estará realizando pruebas para el C-Dome, la versión navalizada de ese sistema que dispondrá de sus propios VLS (silos verticales) en las nuevas corvetas Sa’ar 6.

#Israel#Navypic.twitter.com/jmeb61TEpC

— Israel Defensa

Gabriel Yerushalmi (@Defensa_Israel) January 17, 2021

All of this might also prompt export interest in a system like Pantsir-SMD-E in countries undaunted by the prospect of Western sanctions. A foreign partner could help further defray development and acquisition costs for Russia.

It does remain to be seen how effective, or even widely fielded by Russia, Pantsir-SMD-E ends up being. Still, the new Pantsir variant reflects real and still growing concerns about the threats drones pose that extend well beyond the war in Ukraine and traditional battlefields, in general.

Contact the author: joe@twz.com

Dec 27 (Reuters) – A passenger jet operated by Azerbaijan Airlines crashed near the city of Aktau in Kazakhstan on Wednesday, after diverting from an area of southern Russia where Moscow has repeatedly used air defence systems against Ukrainian attack drones.

At least 38 people were killed while 29 survived.

Here is what we know so far:

WHAT HAPPENED?

Azerbaijan Airlines flight J2-8243 from Azerbaijan’s capital Baku flew hundreds of miles off its scheduled route to Grozny, in Russia’s southern Chechnya region, and crashed on the opposite shore of the Caspian Sea around 3 km (1.8 miles) from Aktau in Kazakhstan.

It is not known why the plane veered off hundreds of miles across the Caspian Sea.

WHAT CAUSED THE CRASH?

This is not yet known as an official investigation gets underway.

Four sources with knowledge of the preliminary findings of Azerbaijan’s investigation told Reuters on Thursday that Russian air defences had mistakenly shot it down. Pictures of the plane wreckage showed what appeared to be shrapnel damage to the tail section of the plane.

Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said on Friday he had nothing to add and did not want to give any assessments until the official investigation made its conclusions.

Russia’s aviation watchdog said on Wednesday the emergency may have been caused by a bird strike. Russia has said it is important to wait for the official investigation to finish its work to understand what happened.

On Friday, Azerbaijan Airlines said preliminary results of an investigation showed the plane experienced “external physical and technical interference”, without giving details.

Two passengers on the plane told Reuters that there was at least one loud bang as it approached its original destination Grozny.

INVESTIGATION

Kazakhstan is leading the investigation which will be carried out under international rules known throughout the industry by their legal name “Annex 13”, governed by the United Nations aviation body ICAO.

The plane’s black box, which contains flight data to help determine the cause of a crash, had been found, Interfax reported on Wednesday.

Brazil sent three Air Force investigators to Kazakhstan to take part in the probe. Embraer representatives are also on the ground, according to Kazakhstan’s president, local media reported.

The final report on the accidental downing of a jet in Iran took over a year to be released by Iran’s civil aviation body.

IS THERE A PRECEDENT FOR THIS KIND OF INCIDENT?

If confirmed, it would be the third major fatal downing of a passenger jet linked to armed conflict since 2014, according to the Flight Safety Foundation’s Aviation Safety Network, a global database of accidents and incidents.

Previous disasters include the shooting down of Ukraine International Airlines Flight PS752 in 2020 by Iran’s Revolutionary Guards, killing all 176 people on board.

In 2014, Malaysian Airlines Flight MH17 was shot down over eastern Ukraine by a Russian BUK missile system with the loss of 298 passengers and crew.

IMPACT ON AIRLINES’ OPERATIONS

Azerbaijan’s civil aviation body said flights from Baku to Russia would be suspended for safety reasons until the release of the final report. Flydubai has suspended flights to two southern Russian airports since the crash.

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Reporting by Joanna Plucinska in London, Gleb Stolyarov in Tbilisi and Nailia Bagirova in Baku; Editing by Josephine Mason and Ros Russell

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CNN  — 

Early indications suggest a Russian anti-aircraft system may have downed the passenger jet that crashed in Kazakhstan on Christmas Day, a US official told CNN, as authorities recovered a second black box that they hope will shed light on the cause of the disaster that killed dozens of people.

The signs point to a Russian system striking Azerbaijan Airlines flight J2-8243 before it crashed near the city of Aktau, the US official said Thursday.

This is the first time the US has offered an assessment of Wednesday’s crash, which killed at least 38 of the 67 people aboard the plane.

If the early indications are ultimately confirmed, it may have been a case of mistaken identity, the US official said, in which poorly trained Russian units have fired negligently against Ukraine’s use of drones.

Officials from Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Russia urged people not to speculate about the crash until investigations have concluded.

A commission has been set up to investigate the crash, involving representatives from Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan and Russia, Kazakhstan’s Deputy Prime Minister Kanat Bozumbayev said. However, law enforcement agencies of Russia and Azerbaijan will not be allowed to conduct a forensic investigation, he said, according to Kazakh state media.

Here’s what we know about the crash so far.

The plane was traveling from the Azerbaijani capital Baku to Grozny, the capital city of the southern Russian republic of Chechnya, before it made an emergency landing approximately 3 kilometers (1.8 miles) from Aktau, Azerbaijan Airlines said on Wednesday.

Russian state media reported that the plane was rerouted due to heavy fog in Grozny.

According to flight-tracking website Flightradar24, the plane set off on Wednesday at 7:55 a.m. Azerbaijan Standard Time (10:55 p.m. Tuesday ET) and crashed about two-and-a-half hours later.

Officials did not immediately explain why the plane had crossed the Caspian Sea, when Baku and Grozny are to its west and Aktau is to its east.

A second black box had been recovered at the crash site, state news agency Kazinform reported Thursday, which authorities hope will provide important information to help investigators determine what happened.

It will take about two weeks to read the black boxes found at the scene, Bozumbayev said, according to Kazakh state media.

Kazakhstan’s Minister of Transport Marat Karabayev said Thursday that a Kazakh control center received a signal from Russia around 45 minutes before the plane crashed, saying that the flight was being diverted.

The Russian dispatcher said that the aircraft was experiencing a failure in its control systems, and that the crew decided to fly to Aktau after receiving reports of bad weather, Karabayev said. The dispatcher later said that an “oxygen tank exploded in the passenger cabin, causing passengers to lose consciousness,” according to Karabayev.

While the crew made two landing approaches at Aktau airport, the aircraft deviated from its course, and lost communication with dispatchers when it crashed, Karabayev said.

Flightradar24 said in a social media post that the aircraft was “exposed to GPS jamming and spoofing near Grozny.” GPS jamming can significantly hinder a plane’s ability to navigate and communicate, Flightradar24 said, creating potential safety risks.

Data and video of the crash also “indicate possible control issues with the aircraft,” Flightradar24 said.

At least 38 of the 67 people on board the plane were killed in the crash, Kazakh authorities confirmed, including two pilots and a flight attendant.

Some 29 survivors, two of whom are children, were pulled from the wreckage, Bozumbayev said.

Of those on board, 37 of the passengers were Azerbaijan citizens and 16 were from Russia, along with six from Kazakhstan and three from Kyrgyzstan, according to preliminary data from Kazakhstan’s transport ministry.

On Thursday, Kazakhstan’s Vice Minister of Health Timur Muratov said nine Russian citizens and 14 Azerbaijani citizens had been repatriated to their respective countries, according to Kazakh state media.

Six patients were still being treated in Aktau, including three Azerbaijani citizens and three Kyrgyz citizens, he said. Four of those six are in the intensive care unit, while the condition of one patient remains extremely serious and unstable, he added.

Video and images of the plane after it crashed show perforations in its body that look similar to damage from shrapnel or debris. The cause of these holes has not been confirmed.

Azerbaijan Airlines initially told AZERTAC that the incident was caused by the aircraft colliding with a flock of birds, the outlet reported. Russia’s Federal Air Transport Agency also said the plane crashed after colliding with birds.

However, Andriy Kovalenko, the head of Ukraine’s Center for Countering Disinformation, part of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine, disputed this, claiming on social media that the plane was “shot down by a Russian air defense system.”

The crash came shortly after Ukrainian drone strikes hit southern Russia. Drone activity has shut airports in the area in the past and the nearest Russian airport on the plane’s flight path was closed on Wednesday morning.

“Russia should have closed the airspace over Grozny but failed to do so,” Kovalenko said, speculating that authorities will try to cover up the real reason behind the crash, including the holes in the plane, as it would be “inconvenient” to blame Russia.

Justin Crump, an intelligence, security and defense expert and the CEO of risk advisory company Sibylline, told BBC Radio 4 on Thursday that the plane being fired at by Russia is “the best theory that fits all the available facts that we know of.” Crump added that Russian air defenses were active in Grozny around the time that the plane was damaged.

“I don’t think this is deliberate at all,” he noted, pointing out that Russia is “very worried” about longer-range active Ukrainian drones that are “very often not getting shot down.”

Osprey Flight Solutions, a UK-based company that analyzes security risks in the aviation sector, also said in an alert to airlines that the flight “was likely shot down by a Russian military air-defense system,” according to The Wall Street Journal.

The US official who talked to CNN on Thursday did not say what type of system may have taken down the passenger jet. Russia has a number of anti-aircraft systems, including its advanced S-300 and S-400 surface-to-air missile systems, as well as its medium-range Pantsir system and others.

Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said on Thursday that it would be wrong to speculate about the cause of the crash before an investigation has been carried out. On Friday, when asked if he would comment on reports that Russia shot down the plane, he said he had nothing to add to his previous statement.

Maulen Ashimbayev, chairman of Kazakhstan’s senate, said Thursday that “the nature of these damages and the causes of the disaster are currently unknown.”

Brazilian authorities and representatives of the plane’s manufacturer Embraer are expected to arrive in Kazakhstan, according to Azerbaijan’s state news agency, as authorities begin the process of piecing together the events leading up to the crash.

“We have preserved the wreckage of the plane at the scene of the accident in the same condition as it crashed. The area is fenced off. No one will enter. This will help them investigate the incident as required,” Bozumbayev said, according to Kazakh state media.

Kazakhstan’s Vice Minister of Transport Talgat Lastayev said experts were due to arrive in the country on Friday and that “this process is underway now – fragments, details are being collected,” according to state news agency Kazinform.

Bozumbayev said that “even the preliminary cause cannot be determined yet, as specialists are needed for that.”

“They will conduct the work, and then it will be clear,” Bozumbayev said Thursday.

Bozumbayev also said they had not received accounts of the accident from Russia or Azerbaijan. “Therefore, it is impossible to refute any version,” he said, according to Kazinform.

CNN’s Darya Tarasova contributed to this report.

BAKU, Dec 26 (Reuters) – Russian air defences downed an Azerbaijan Airlines plane that crashed in Kazakhstan, killing 38 people, four sources with knowledge of the preliminary findings of Azerbaijan’s investigation into the disaster told Reuters on Thursday.

Flight J2-8243 crashed on Wednesday in a ball of fire near the city of Aktau in Kazakhstan after diverting from an area of southern Russia where Moscow has repeatedly used air defence systems against Ukrainian drone strikes.

It crashed on the opposite shore of the Caspian after what Russia’s aviation watchdog said was an emergency that may have been caused by a bird strike.

Officials did not explain why it had crossed the sea. The nearest Russian airport on the plane’s flight path, Makhachkala, was closed on Wednesday morning.

One of the Azerbaijani sources familiar with Azerbaijan’s investigation into the crash told Reuters that preliminary results showed the plane was struck by a Russian Pantsir-S air defence system. Its communications were paralysed by electronic warfare systems on the approach into Grozny, the source said.

“No one claims that it was done on purpose. However, taking into account the established facts, Baku expects the Russian side to confess to the shooting down of the Azerbaijani aircraft,” the source said.

Three other sources confirmed that the Azeri investigation had come to the same preliminary conclusion. Russia’s Defence Ministry did not respond to a request for comment.

A U.S. official told Reuters on Thursday there were early indications a Russian anti-aircraft system may have struck the plane. Canada said it was deeply concerned by reports that Russian air defence may have struck the aircraft.

“We call on Russia to allow for an open and transparent investigation into the incident and to accept its findings,” the Canadian foreign ministry said in a statement on X.

Kazakh Deputy Prime Minister Qanat Bozymbaev said he could neither confirm nor deny the thesis that Russian air defences downed the plane.

Asked about the possibility that Russian air defences shot at the plane, the Kazakh transport prosecutor for the region where the plane came down said the investigation had yet to reach a firm conclusion.

The Kremlin, asked before the Reuters report about the idea that the aircraft had been shot at by Russian air defences, said it would be improper to comment until the inquiry was concluded.

“It is wrong to build hypotheses before the conclusions of the investigation,” Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said.

WRECKAGE

Footage shot by passengers on the plane before it crashed showed oxygen masks down and people wearing life vests. Later footage showed bloodied and bruised passengers climbing out of the plane. There were 29 survivors.

Pictures of the plane wreckage showed what appeared to be shrapnel damage to the tail section of the plane.

Aviation security firm Osprey Flight Solutions said in an alert to airlines on Wednesday that footage of the wreckage and the circumstances around the air space in southwest Russia indicated the possibility that the airliner was hit by some form of anti-aircraft fire.

Ukrainian military drones have repeatedly targeted Russia’s southern regions in recent months, triggering Russian air defences. Russia and Ukraine have been at war since Moscow’s invasion of its neighbour in February 2022.

Earlier on Wednesday, the Russian Defence Ministry had reported the downing of 59 Ukrainian drones over several regions.

Some were reportedly shot down in closed air space over regions bordering Ukraine, including the Sea of Azov. Flight operations were reportedly temporarily suspended at Russia’s Kazan Airport due to the activity.

In addition, publicly available ADS-B flight tracking data shows that the Azerbaijani aircraft experienced GPS jamming throughout its flight over southwest Russia, the alert said.

Russia uses advanced electronic jamming equipment to confuse Ukrainian drone location and communication systems and a large number of air defence systems have been deployed to shoot down the drones.

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Reporting by Nailia Bagirova in Baku and Gleb Stolyarov in Tbilisi; Additional reporting by Tamara Vaal in Astana, Joanna Plucinska, Filipp Lebedev in London; writing by Felix Light, Angus MacSwan, Guy Faulconbridge and Alistair Bell; editing by Andrew Heavens, Mark Heinrich and Howard Goller

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“Well, it definitely wasn’t birds. I noticed two different sizes (of impact holes – ed.). Most likely, these are missiles from the Pantsir system. However, the Pantsir is a missile and artillery system, capable of striking with both. It seems to me that it struck with both types of weapons in this case,” the expert stated.

He recalled that just days before the plane crash, the head of Chechnya, Ramzan Kadyrov, requested the Pantsir air defense system from Russian President Vladimir Putin. According to Kryvolap, these systems were stationed near the airfield in Grozny, from where the plane was downed.

The expert noted that the Pantsir system also has an automatic target engagement mode. While the operator can adjust it, this requires practice to ensure smooth coordination.

“There is also an automatic mode designed for situations where multiple targets are approaching from different directions. The operator can intervene to prioritize the most significant target. Essentially, yes, (the system decides what to engage on its own – ed.), but the operator can override it. However, proper training is needed to establish effective coordination between the machine and the operator. In this case, there wasn’t enough time for such training. Whatever was pressed, was pressed; whatever was hit, was hit,” Kryvolap explained.

Airplane crash in Kazakhstan

On December 25, an Embraer 190 passenger plane of AZAL Airlines crashed in Kazakhstan. There were 67 people on board. According to the latest information, 38 people died in the crash.

The Azerbaijani airplane was flying from Baku to Grozny. It is reported that in Grozny, where drones had been shot down before, the plane was shot down, so it was unable to land. As a result, the Embraer 190 crashed near the city of Aktau.

Initially, it was claimed that the plane crashed because of a collision with a flock of birds. However, the remains of the plane were shown online, with traces of anti-aircraft missile debris on the body.

According to Euronews, Azerbaijan has confirmed that the plane crash was caused by a Russian missile.

A plane crash near Kazakhstan’s Aktau city, which killed 38 passengers on board, was likely caused by Russian anti-aircraft system, the Wall Street Journal has reported. Authorities in Russia and Azerbaijan, however, have offered different reasons for what may have led to the crash, citing preliminary investigations.

The WSJ report cites an alert to airlines by UK-based independent aviation security firm, Osprey Flight Solutions, which states that the flight “was likely shot down by a Russian military air-defence system.” The chief intelligence officer of the firm was also quoted stating the same in an interview. “Video of the wreckage and the circumstances around the airspace security environment in southwest Russia indicates the possibility the aircraft was hit by some form of antiaircraft fire,” said Matt Borie.